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عده‌ی وفات یکی از نشانه‌های حرمت زندگی زناشویی و کانون خانواده در اسلام

وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجاً يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْراً فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَلا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ.[2]

«و كسانى از شما كه بطور كامل (جانشان) گرفته مى‏شود و همسرانى بر جاى مى‏گذارند، [بايد همسرانشان‏] چهار ماه و ده روز بر خويشتن انتظار كشند؛ و هنگامى كه به سرآمدِ (عدّه) شان رسيدند، پس هيچ گناهى بر شما نيست نسبت به آنچه بطور پسنديده در باره خودشان انجام دهند. و خدا به آنچه انجام مى‏دهيد آگاه است.»

نكته‏ها و اشاره‏ها

1. رعايت حريم زندگانى زناشويى، حتّى بعد از مرگ همسر، موضوعى فطرى است و از اين رو ميان ملّت‏ها و اقوام مختلف جهان، در اين مورد آداب و رسوم گوناگونى وجود داشته است. گاهى اين مراسم افراطى و جنايت‏آميز بود و زنان را در بن بست اسارت قرار مى‏داد، به طورى كه برخى از زنان براى هميشه از ازدواج مجدد محروم مى‏شدند و يا گاهى آنان را همراه با شوهرانشان دفن مى‏كردند.

قرآن كريم بر اين خرافات خط بطلان كشيد و با فرهنگ جاهلى مبارزه كرد و به زنان اجازه داد كه پس از مدتى مجدداً ازدواج كنند، ولى اصل حفظ حريم زندگى مشترك را با نگاه‏دارى «عِدَّه» به طور شايسته‏اى تأييد كرد.

2. طبق رواياتى كه از پيشوايان اسلام به ما رسيده است، زنان موظف‏اند در مدّت عدّه، يعنى چهار ماه و ده روز بعد از مرگ شوهر، همان شكل سوگوارى خود را حفظ كنند؛ يعنى آرايش نكنند و ساده باشند.

3. نگاه‏داشتن عِدّه‏ى وفات براى اطمينان از باردار نبودن زن لازم است؛ يعنى در اين مدّت چهار ماه و ده روز اگر زن باردار باشد، روشن مى‏شود و نسل افراد با هم مخلوط و مشتبه نمى‏شود. اين مسأله مسلماً در قانون «عِدَّه» مورد توجه بود.

4. در ميان زن و شوهر، علاقه‏ى مقدّسى وجود دارد كه با صبر كردن زن در مدّت عِدّه، آن علاقه محترم شمرده مى‏شود.

ازدواج بلافاصله‏ى زن پس از مرگ شوهر با محبّت و دوستى و حفظ احترام همسر سابق سازگار نيست. در احكام اسلامى نيز تصريح شده كه اگر هيچ‏گونه احتمالى در مورد باردارى زن در ميان نباشد، باز بايد زنانى كه همسرشان فوت شده‏اند، عدّه نگاه دارند و از اين روست كه آغاز «عدّه»، زمان مرگ شوهر نيست، بلكه موقعى است كه خبر مرگ او به زن مى‏رسد، هر چند بعد از ماه‏ها باشد. از اين مطلب متوجه مى‏شويم كه قانون «عِدّه»، قبل از هر چيز، براى حفظ احترام و حريم زوجيّت است.

آموزه‏ها و پيام‏ها

1. بانوان احترام شوهران از دنيا رفته‏ى خود را حفظ كنند و عدّه‏ى وفات نگاه دارند.

2. بانوان شوهر از دست داده، در انتخاب شوهر جديد آزادند كه به طور پسنديده عمل كنند.

3. كارهاى شما تحت نظر خداى آگاه است (پس مراقب كردار خود باشيد و دستورات الهى را عمل كنيد).

4. بانوان تا چهار ماه و ده روز در سوگ شوهران خود باشند و شوهر نكنند.

5. بانوان به طور پسنديده (طبق عرف شايسته‏ى جامعه) اقدام به ازدواج مجدد كنند.

  1. . استفاده شده از تفسیر مهر. ↑
  2. – ( البقرة 234 ) ↑
کلیدواژه‌ها:باشگاه زندگی, طلاق

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