وَلا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكَاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ وَلَأَمَةٌ مُؤْمِنَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكَةٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ وَلا تُنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنُوا وَلَعَبْدٌ مُؤْمِنٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكُمْ أُولَئِكَ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ وَاللَّهُ يَدْعُو إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَغْفِرَةِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيُبَيِّنُ آيَاتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ[1].
«و با زنان مشركِ [بت پرست]، ازدواج نكنيد؛ تا ايمان آورند. و مسلماً كنيز با ايمان، از زن (آزاد بت پرستِ) مشرك بهتر است؛ و اگر چه شما را به شگفت آورد. و به مردان مشرك [بت پرست] زن مدهيد، تا ايمان آورند؛ و مسلماً برده با ايمان، از مرد (آزاد بت پرستِ) مشرك، بهتر است؛ و اگر چه شما را به شگفت آورد. آنان به سوى آتش فرا مىخوانند؛ و خدا با رخصت خود، به سوى بهشت و آمرزش فرا مىخواند، و آياتش را براى مردم روشن بيان مىكند، باشد كه آنان متذكِّر شوند.»
شأن نزول:
حكايت شده است كه شخصى به نام «مَرثَد»، كه مرد شجاعى بود، از طرف پيامبر اكرم صلى الله عليه و آله مأمور شد كه از مدينه به مكه برود و گروهى از مسلمانان را با خود بياورد. وقتى او وارد مكه شد، در آنجا با زن زيبايى به نام «عناق» برخورد كرد كه در زمان جاهليت او را مىشناخت. آن زن از مرثد تقاضاى ازدواج نمود. مرثد گفت: بايد از پيامبر صلى الله عليه و آله اجازه بگيرم. وى پس از انجام مأموريت خويش به مدينه باز گشت و جريان را به اطلاع پيامبر صلى الله عليه و آله رساند.
آيهى فوق نازل شد و بيان كرد كه زنان مشرك و بتپرست شايستهى همسرى و ازدواج با مردان مسلمان نيستند، اگر چه زيبايى و ثروت آنها مسلمانان را به شگفت آورد، مگر آنكه ايمان آورند.
نكتهها و اشارهها
1. اسلام براى ازدواج، به خاطر آثار وراثتى و تربيتى آن، اهميت زيادى قايل شده و ازاينرو شرايط گوناگونى براى آن قرار داده و مشركان را شايستهى همسرى مسلمانان ندانسته است؛ چرا كه فرزندان مشركان روحيه و صفات آنان را به ارث مىبرند و اگر كودكى در دامن شخص بتپرستى تربيت شود، سرنوشت شومى خواهد داشت.
علاوه بر آن، اگر مشركان، كه با اسلام بيگانهاند، به خانههاى مسلمانان راه پيدا كنند، جامعهى اسلامى گرفتار هرج و مرج مىشود و صفوف از يكديگر مشخص نخواهند شد.
2. «مشرك» در قرآن بيشتر به بتپرستان گفته مىشود، امّا برخى از مفسران معتقدند كه اين واژه شامل يهوديان و مسيحيان نيز مىشود؛ چرا كه آنها نيز براى خدا شريك قايلاند.
امّا با توجه به اينكه در آيات زيادى از قرآن واژهى «مشرك» در مقابل اهل كتاب به كار رفته است، مىتوان گفت كه اين واژه در قرآن به معناى بتپرست به كار رفته است.
3. در معناى جملهى «خدا دعوت به بهشت مىكند»، دو احتمال وجود دارد:
الف) مقصود از دعوت خدا، همان بيان حكم ممنوعيت ازدواج با بتپرستان است كه نتيجهى آن، بهشت خداست.
ب) واژهى «اللّه» به جاى واژهى «مؤمنان» به كار رفته است؛ چرا كه در مقابل مشركان مىبايست واژهى مؤمنان به كار مىرفت. اين جانشينى به خاطر شدّت ارتباطى است كه فرد مؤمن با خدا دارد. اين نكتهى بسيار لطيفى است، يعنى گويا سخن مؤمنان همان سخن خداست.
4. در انتخاب همسر، ايمان اصالت دارد، پس نبايد فريب ظاهر زيباى مشركان را بخوريم و بايد بدانيم كه ازدواج خوب و موفق زمينهساز بهشت و ازدواج بد و ناموفق زمينهساز جهنم است.
آموزهها و پيامها
1. اصل زير بنايى ازدواج، ايمان است.
2. ارزش اصيل انسان ايمان است (نه مال و زيبايى).
3. نزديكى و ازدواج با مشركان، زمينهساز سقوط در آتش است.
4. پيروى از دستورات الهى (و ازدواج با مؤمنان) زمينهساز آمرزش و بهشت است.
5. زيبايى ايمان همسر را فداى زيبايى ظاهرى او نكنيد.
6. توجه به آيات روشن الهى، بيدارگر است.
- – ( البقرة 221 ) . ↑
141 پاسخ
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